If you’re preparing for surgery, you likely have a few big questions:
Will I be in pain?
Will I be awake?
Is anesthesia safe?
Knowing how anesthesia works and how it’s managed can help you feel more confident going into your procedure.
What anesthesia does
Anesthesia uses medication to help you feel relaxed and pain-free during a medical procedure. Depending on your needs, it may:
Block pain in a specific area
Help you fall asleep or stay asleep
Keep you calm and comfortable
Support vital functions like breathing and heart rate
Your care team may also use other medications in conjunction with anesthesia to minimize side effects or facilitate a smoother recovery after the procedure.
Types of anesthesia
Different procedures call for different types of anesthesia. Here’s what to expect:
General anesthesia
This is what most people picture when they think about “going under.” It may be given through a mask or IV and affects your entire body. You’ll be unconscious and won’t feel pain during your surgery.
Local anesthesia
Used for minor procedures, local anesthesia numbs a small area of the body. You’ll be awake but won’t feel any pain where the procedure is being performed.
Regional anesthesia
This option blocks pain in a larger part of the body. Examples include:
Nerve blocks, often used for surgeries on the arms, legs, or face
Spinal or epidural anesthesia, commonly used during childbirth or procedures in the belly, hips, or legs
Your provider will help determine which type of anesthesia is best for your specific procedure.
How to prepare for anesthesia
Before surgery, your care team will give you instructions. These usually include:
Fasting: You’ll likely need to stop eating or drinking the night before surgery.
Medication review: Bring a full list of your medications so your provider can adjust anything if needed.
Planning a ride home: You won’t be able to drive yourself after receiving anesthesia.
Relaxation tips: It’s normal to feel nervous. Breathing exercises or guided imagery can help calm pre-surgery jitters.
What are the risks?
Serious complications from anesthesia are very rare. Today’s anesthesia is safer than ever, thanks to advanced monitoring and skilled providers. During your procedure, a licensed anesthesia specialist will stay with you the entire time, tracking your vital signs and adjusting your care as needed.
Mild side effects like nausea or sore throat may happen, but your team will provide medication and support to ease those symptoms.
One last tip
The best way to stay safe is to stay informed. Share your full health history with your provider, including any past reactions to anesthesia or current medications. This helps your care team deliver the safest experience possible